Louis M. Brown Award for Legal Access
The Louis M. Brown Award for Legal Access honors programs and projects dedicated to matching the unmet legal needs of the middle class and those of moderate incomes with lawyers who provide affordable legal information, services and representation.
The Award is presented annually to those who have made creative contributions to the delivery of legal services in ways that are exemplary and replicable.
Nominations for the Brown Award are accepted from August until December each year. The Award recipients are honored at the ABA Midyear Meeting the following February. The Committee encourages self-nominations of innovative programs and projects from any entity dedicated to enhancing access to lawyers and the courts.
Details about the Nomination Process
For information about the 2009 Brown Award nominees, see the booklet Profiles of Moderate Income Delivery Programs.
Recipients of the ABA Louis M. Brown Award for Legal Access are:
2009: The VirtualCourtHouse.com
2008: Chicago-Kent College of Law Center for Access to Justice and Technology
2008: Individual Honoree: M. Sue Talia
2007: The New Hampshire Bar Association
2006: The Legal Resolutions Center of the Legal Aid Society of Orange County, California
2005: The Law School Consortium Project
2004: The California Commission on Access to Justice
2004: Lifetime Achievement Honor to Forrest S. Mosten
2003: The Self-Represented Litigant Task Force of the State of Maine
2002: Civil Justice, Inc.
2001: Legal Grind, Inc.
2000: The Houston Bar Association Modest Means Program
1999: The Senior Citizen Judicare Project
1998: AARP Legal Hotlines Project
1997: Superior Court of Arizona in Maricopa County Self-Service Center
1996: Orange County Bar Association Modest Means Program
1995: Tele-Lawyer, Inc.
2009: The VirtualCourtHouse.com
The Virtual Courthouse (VCH) is an internet-based service that enables parties to submit disputes over the internet for resolution by a neutral party. Its services include arbitration, mediation, neutral case evaluation or a settlement conference by members of a panel of neutrals. VCH provides an independent forum by enabling parties to select qualified neutrals, submit materials, schedule an ODR event and track other activities throughout the effort to resolve the matter. Critical to the design of this service is its neutrality; VCH impartially facilitates neutral selection by providing structured communication among parties via a controlled and secure message services. VCH streamlines every step in the process and minimizes the need and cost of unnecessary face-to-face meetings, mailing and copying. For further details visit www.virtualcourthouse.com.
2008: The Chicago-Kent College of Law Center for Access to Justice & Technology
The Center is dedicated to making justice more accessible to the public through the use of the Internet in teaching, legal practice and public access to the law. Among its endeavors is the A2J Author Project. This is a unique software tool that empowers those from the courts, legal services programs and educational institutions to create guided interviews resulting in document assembly, electronic filing and data collection. Viewers using A2J to go through a guided interview are lead down a virtual pathway to the courthouse. As they answer simply questions about their legal issue, the technology then “translates” the answers to create, or assemble, the documents that are needed for filing with the court.
The Center also maintains a student editorial board dedicated to creating A2J guided interviews through a multi-step process involving research, legal analysis, interview creation and intensive review.
The Center’s Self-Help Web Center offers Internet access and law student assistance to courthouse visitors at Chicago’s Daley Center, one of the nation’s busiest courthouses. Law students staff Internet workstations in an effort to expedite access to online materials.
2008 Individual Honoree: M. Sue Talia
After developing an unbundling training program for practitioners in 1998, Sue Talia began teaching principles of limited scope representation first across California and then across the nation. Since then, she has presented more than 100 programs to lawyers, judges, and court personnel. Targeting solo and small firm practitioners who represent middle-income clients, Sue gives them the tools and skills to reach many more clients than they can reach through traditional legal services. In 2007, Sue traveled to Texas, Georgia, Colorado, Minnesota, Alaska and Iowa, in addition to venues in her home state of California, to give presentations and provide technical assistance to those interested in furthering unbundled legal services. Contributing over 1,000 hours per year to these pursuits, Sue provides her services without compensation and has never refused a request to provide this training.
2007: The New Hampshire Bar Association
Through a collaboration of its Ethics Committee and Pro Bono Program, the New Hampshire Bar Association comprehensively addressed the need for revised rules of procedure and professional conduct to enable lawyers to provide unbundled legal services in the state. The Bar provided the state's Supreme Court with a series of rule changes that addressed ghost-writing and limited appearance, all of which were subsequently adopted by the Court. A key component of the changes involved a proposal to allow a lawyer to withdraw from litigation without leave of court at the conclusion of a limited appearance, thus encouraging more lawyers to offer limited scope of representation, particularly to those of moderate incomes.
After the rules where adopted, the Bar developed a CLE program providing an overview of the rules and their application to representation. The Bar's Pro Bono program and Lawyer Referral Service then sponsored a seminar on unbundled legal services for people engaged in family law mediation. This has lead to a new referral area in the Bar's referral service.
2006: The Legal Resolutions Center of the Legal Aid Society of Orange County, California
The Legal Resolutions Center is an innovation that bridges the technological resources of the Legal Aid Society with the expertise of the private bar. The technology system, known as Legal Genie, uses software to assist moderate-income individuals in preparing court documents. Using computer kiosks available at the center, individuals follow interactive visual and audio instructions that are available in either English or Spanish. The data that is entered is then formatted into court documents suitable for the individual's jurisdiction. The program then draws from a panel of lawyers in the private bar, who have enrolled in the Legal Aid Society's state-bar certified lawyer referral service. Once an individual's forms are completed he or she can elect to receive assistance from a participating lawyer at a fixed fee. Consultations again rely on the technology as clients at the center communicate with participating lawyers through video conferencing. The client and lawyer then decide on the scope of representation to be provided. The technological efficiencies enable the lawyers to provide their services for a lower cost, yet still be fairly compensated for their work.
2005: The Law School Consortium Project
The project works with law schools to initiate, support and expand solo and small firm practices that provide legal services to moderate income communities.
The law school members commit resources to graduates who have community-based practices, providing them with technical assistance and substantive training, educating them in law practice management issues and linking them to other practitioners committed to social justice practices. The Consortium also works with its law school members to incorporate curriculum geared toward solo and small firm community-based practices.
The Consortium has no preconceived model, but instead works with the law school members to develop projects that are most suitable for their communities. This results in delivery mechanisms that are different in New York City, Baltimore and Albuquerque, for example. Some projects, such as the Civil Justice Network (which was the recipient of the 2002 Brown Award) rely heavily on the use of technology to support and network the participating practitioners. Others are more focused on community service. Nevertheless, the projects all focus on serving the needs of under-represented populations and at the same time enabling practitioners to provide high quality services within the marketplace.
2004: The California Commission on Access to Justice
The Commission is a collaborative state-wide entity that established a Limited Representation Committee in 2001. The purpose of the committee was to study the practice of delivering legal services known as "limited scope legal assistance" or "unbundling." The Commission charged the Committee with the tasks of analyzing current practices and formulating recommendations that would increase the availability of legal assistance to persons of low and moderate income.
In October 2001, the Committee issued its report, including a series of recommendations that were subsequently approved by the Board of Governors of the State Bar. Since then, the Committee has been working to implement its recommendations.
Among its accomplishments and activities, the Committee is:
- Collaborating with the California Judicial Council and the Administrative Office of the Courts to develop and advance new rules and forms that better enable limited representation in family law proceedings;
- Developing a set of risk management materials for practitioners, including sample retainer agreements, checklists and client information materials;
- Advising the California Commission for the Revision of the Rules of Professional Conduct, as that commission reviews the California rules in light of recommendations from the ABA's Ethics 2000 initiative;
- Providing extensive training to both courts and practitioners about best practices in limited representation; and
- Developing client education materials explaining the advantages and disadvantages of limited representation.
2004: Lifetime Achievement Honor to Forrest S. Mosten
Mr. Mosten considered Lou Brown to be a friend and mentor for over 25 years. He has advanced Mr. Brown's dedication to affordable delivery and spearheaded a movement to provide unbundled legal services. Under his vision of increased access and consumer-oriented lawyering, the law office is a classroom for client education, where lawyers serve as coaches, representing clients in discrete tasks such as counseling, document preparation, negotiations and advocacy.
He has a long history of bringing concepts of unbundling and other innovations to the legal community at large. In the 1970s, Mr. Mosten was a partner in the first private legal clinic in America. More recently, he wrote the book Unbundled Legal Services: A Guide to Delivering Legal Services a la Carte, published by the ABA Law Practice Management Section. He has spoken to bar groups and court organizations around the country about innovations in the delivery of legal services. These include presentations at national seminars sponsored by the Maricopa County, Arizona, Self-Help Center and a keynote speech at the 2000 National Conference on Unbundling, sponsored by the Maryland Legal Assistance Network.
2003: The Self-Represented Litigant Task Force of the State of Maine
After attending the 1999 National Conference on Pro Se Litigation and the 2000 National Conference on Unbundled Legal Services, leaders from the judiciary and bar in Maine created the Self-Represented Litigant Task Force. The group was formed to address the legal needs of pro se litigants in the state.
The Task Force has taken a "policy and programs" approach to institutionalize the delivery of responsible unbundled legal services in the state. Within little more than two years, and without a budget, the Task Force:
- Drafted and successfully advanced amendments to Maine's ethics rules, enabling limited representation, including a model limited representation agreement;
- Drafted and successfully advanced amendments to Maine's rules of civil procedure, enabling limited representation in the courts;
- Developed and presented continuing legal education seminars and state bar programs about unbundled legal services;
- Worked with lawyer referral projects to incorporate unbundled panels to serve those who can benefit from this type of legal services; and
- Initiated a statewide roster of lawyers willing to provide unbundled services, which will be available at courthouses, through lawyer referral services and through Maine's Volunteer Lawyers Project.
2002: Civil Justice, Inc.
The University of Maryland Clinical Law Program, under the leadership of Michael Millemann, established the Civil Justice, Inc. Project in 1998. Civil Justice, Inc. is a non-profit corporation that employs a unique model based on a network of solo and small firm lawyers tied together electronically through a web site, www.civiljusticenetwork.org, and a listserv. The project provides mentoring and collateral services to assist new lawyers who are committed to provide personal legal services to those of moderate income.
After three and a half years, Civil Justice, Inc. has grown to a network of 40 Baltimore-area lawyers. The project provides the participating lawyers mentoring, a legal research electronic clipping service, a referral service for reduced fee and contingency fee cases and discounted LEXIS research access. Network members share pleadings, research and practice experience through their listserv. In exchange for these benefits, network lawyers help instruct a course at the University on law practice management.
Civil Justice, Inc. operates under the direction of Denis J. Murphy. Details about the project are available at its web site, www.civiljusticenetwork.org
2001: Legal Grind, Inc.
In 1996, Jeffrey Hughes established The Legal Grind neighborhood coffeehouse in Santa Monica, California, offering easy access to "coffee and counsel" for a $20 fee. The innovative business model offers clients from all income levels reasonably priced unbundled legal services in family law, entertainment law, criminal law, tenant/landlord, and workman's compensation, while it generates referrals for participating lawyers.
Legal Grind provides people with a relaxed atmosphere as they discuss their legal issues with lawyers. The information gives the café customers the opportunity to proceed on an informed basis. Some retain the lawyers they have met and others go forward on a pro se basis, perhaps with additional information from books in the Legal Grind bookstore.
Mr. Hughes has also established the Legal Grind Foundation dedicated to helping educate young people about legal rights and responsibilities.
Details about the Legal Grind are found at its web site at http://www.legalgrind.com
2000: The Houston Bar Association Modest Means Program
The Houston Bar Association Modest Means Program is a multi-faceted project focused on providing legal services and education to those who have moderate income, but may not be able to afford legal representation. The program is a cooperative effort between the Houston Bar Association and several of the organizations it sponsors - the Houston Lawyer Referral Service, the HBA's Houston Volunteer Lawyers Program, the HBA Family Law Section. These organizations work together, under the auspices of the HBA, to provide the following legal services:
- A Pro Se Clinic on family law matters;
- A Reduced Fee Lawyer Referral Program that reduces fees at least 25 percent, reduces retainers and offers payment plans to individuals with income up to 225 percent of federal poverty guidelines;
- A LegalLine telephone hotline providing volunteer lawyers to answer legal questions;
- Free legal handbooks on elder law, family law and consumer law issues; and an elder law visitation program, providing legal services at senior citizen centers.
The Houston Bar Association has demonstrated an exemplary dedication to the delivery of legal services to those of modest means.
For more information about the Houston Bar Association's modest means projects, visit its web site at http://www.hba.org
1999: The Senior Citizen Judicare Project
For the past 20 years, the Senior Citizen Judicare Project has been dedicated to meeting the legal needs of the elderly living on limited incomes in Philadelphia. Judicare provides legal representation and counsel, community education, outreach and advocacy for Philadelphia's senior citizens, through the energies of its legal staff and panel of approximately100 practitioners. Since its founding in 1978, Judicare has provided free legal services to more than 26,000 needy seniors, educated more than 65,000 seniors through community-based education, and assisted over 100,000 seniors by providing advice, information and referral services.
The Project employs a model that combines fixed fee and pro bono legal services of local attorneys to serve thousands of elders each year, including the homebound and disabled elderly, striving to match clients with lawyers in their communities. Through its multi-faceted approach, which includes direct legal services, extensive community legal education, professional training and advocacy, Judicare and its panel attorneys zealously work to safeguard and defend the legal rights and interests of the elderly.
The program focuses its efforts on the most severe recurring legal problems of the elderly, including housing, elder abuse and financial exploitation, consumer protection, grandparent custody and visitation, and end-of-life issues. Its clients include elderly tenants facing eviction and homelessness, victims of family violence, older homeowners struggling to repair and maintain aging homes, and grandparents raising grandchildren.
Judicare strongly believes in the power of knowledge, educating thousands of elders each year on their legal rights so they can become powerful self-advocates. It holds workshops for elders as well as training sessions for other professionals working with the aging population to help bolster their efforts to prevent, recognize and terminate exploitation, abuse, victimization and fraud of the elderly.
Details about the Project are found at http://www.scjudicare.org
1998: AARP Legal Hotlines Project
Created in 1985, the Legal Hotlines Project was the first successful statewide legal hotline designed and implemented for older adults. Since the inception of the hotlines, AARP and its Legal Advocacy Group have worked to increase awareness of hotlines as an efficient delivery system that significantly increase the availability of free and low-cost legal information and services.
Recognizing the need for an efficient system that provides information to help people identify whether their problems have legal solutions, the Legal Hotline Project allows lawyers to reach far beyond their capacities within the traditional delivery mechanisms.
In addition to developing and implementing the hotlines, AARP's Legal Advocacy Group has provided numerous public and private organizations throughout the country with a blueprint that encourages replication. AARP/LAG has initiated and led a collaboration of public and private organizations to support the development of legal hotlines, thus strengthening these efforts and expanding its audience. These organizations include the American Bar Association, the U.S. Administration on Aging, the Legal Services Corporation (LSC) and the National Legal Aid and Defender Association.
Today, dozens of local, regional and statewide legal hotlines based on the AARP/LAG model are in operation throughout the country, with many more in the development stage. Sponsors of these programs include bar associations, private non-profit corporations and Legal Services Corporation-funded entities, which have adopted the hotline as a centralized telephone intake and delivery system.
More information about the Project is available at http://www.aarp.org/foundation/hotline.html
1997: Superior Court of Arizona in Maricopa County Self-Service Center
The Self-Service Center is the result of a progressive series of steps that the court system took to meet the legal needs of those who cannot afford full and traditional legal representation.
The Center's goal is to increase access to court services while maximizing cost-effectiveness, individual accountability and linkages with services that already exist in the community. Its operation results in the following:
- Availability of user-friendly court forms and instructions that enable self-represented litigants to select appropriate and understandable court forms for the particular judicial action the litigants seek;
- Creation of a network linkage to attorneys, community services and community dispute resolution providers, which allows litigants to receive appropriate advice, evaluation and assistance related to matters that are the subject of the court proceedings;
- Increased ability of judicial officers to devote time and attention to the judicial aspects of court services;
- Development of a higher level of self-representation, because litigants have available not only user-friendly forms and instructions, but referrals to attorneys, social service providers and community dispute resolution providers.
By dedicating a portion of the courthouse to a center where court-developed self-help forms and instructions are available, combining the resources with unbundled assistance from area practitioners, and tying these service mechanisms together with technological developments, the Self-Service Center has created a model for courts across the country. The services of the Self-Service Center are at http://www.superiorcourt.maricopa.gov/ssc/sschome.html
1996: Orange County Bar Association Modest Means Program
In 1994, the Orange County Bar Association redesigned the modest means panel of its lawyer referral program. In an effort to best respond to the needs of moderate income families of Orange County, the bar analyzed both legal and financial needs of consumers and the abilities of practitioners to offer services. This effort was designed to create the best match between the demand for legal services and the supply of lawyers to meet that demand.
A group of consumer advocates and legal service attorneys combined talents to form the Modest Means Committee. The Committee studied and collected research reports that led to the revitalization of a moderate income panel that was 20 years old and under-used.
It determined that clients would be eligible for the program if they had no more than $42,500 in annual income and less than $5,000 in liquid assets. The Committee set the attorneys' fees at about half the prevailing hourly rate in the area ($80 an hour) with no more than a $1,000 retainer and a free initial consultation. Fixed fees were established for some services, including bankruptcies and legal services to the elderly.
The bar set up free training programs and a mentoring program for members who chose to serve in the Modest Means Program. It coordinated a broad-based public relations campaign. Substantive materials were prepared and available for routine matters, library privileges and secretarial and computer assistance were made available and professional liability insurance was available to program attorneys.
In response to recurring problems by bar-sponsored lawyer referral services to maintain viable modest means panels, the Orange County Bar Association has also established a Checklist for Success in the creation of modest means panels. More information about the Orange County Bar Modest Means Program is available at http://www.ocbar.org
1995: Tele-Lawyer, Inc.
Tele-Lawyer, Inc. was selected as the first recipient of the Louis M. Brown Award for Legal Access. It is a legal advice and information service established by Michael Cane in 1989. Callers speak to a licensed attorney knowledgeable in the subject matter of the call. They could ask, for example, about landlord tenant problems ("My landlord won't repair my leaking roof; what are my rights?"), or work related problems ("I was fired at work because I got pregnant; do I have a case?), or business ("How do I go about setting up my new business; do I need a license; should I incorporate?") Almost everyone has questions such as these now and again, but few, because of the cost, time, and hassle, would ever call a lawyer. In fact, most lawyers discourage such "low end" inquiries, making access to legal advice for these problems extremely difficult for the average person. People thus tend to rely on the unqualified, and often misinformed, advice of friends.
Tele-Lawyer, Inc. also provides technology-based legal services in addition to the operation of its hotline. It serves as an outsource resource to legal aid and bar-sponsored entities and provides direct legal assistance through its web site at http://www.telelaw.com
